Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic process, and its early clinical manifestations are not obvious, when the disease develops to a certain stage, the following clinical manifestations can occur:
The first, proteinuria.
Proteinuria is the most important clinical manifestation of diabetic nephropathy.
Second. Hypertension is associated with the deterioration of renal function. And high blood pressure has a very high accidence rate in the diabetic nephropathy.
Third: Edema. In the stage of clinical diabetic nephropathy, with the increase of urine protein and the decrease of serum albumin, the patients can have different degrees of edema.
Forth: Abnormal renal function. This can be divided into two types, the first type being the rise of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). As the course progressed, GFR dropped to normal, then gradually decreased, and the blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased. There are few phenomena of GFR increase in the second type.
In addition, there are other complications of diabetic nephropathy. For example: retinopathy, vascular disease, neuropathy and so on.
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